There are 11 questions, please respond to as many as you can in the "comment" found at the bottom of each of the posts -- This post is entitled "Georgia."
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
-- How was this a mistake?
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
9. Please pay special attention to the chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of buraucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
42 comments:
1. Georgia became the "victim of its own benefactors" because the very people in England who had chartered it and prepared for its colonization were the ones who led to its failure in terms of their intent for its future function.
2. Poetry framed Georgia as a land of fertility and good fortune. It was said to have a temperate climate, and fertile soil, thus the perfect place to grow just about anything. The poetry also spoke of the lush, plentiful food that would exist there, such as fruit "so delicious that whoever tastes them will despise...those we have in England" -p. 75.
3. Their crucial mistake was overplanning based on a combination of false information and assumption. They planned very minute details of how they were going to colonize Georgia when neither had even been there. With such a steadfast plan, they'd be unable to adapt to anything unexpected they may encounter in Georgia.
4. The colony was intended to be a pure cash-camel for England, powered by the poor of England. They worked to collect the needy, yet righteous and industrious, of England and bring them to Georgia to cultivate land where they would be working to boost England, rather than drag it down in their previous impoverished, unemployed state.
5. The British government fashioned the plans by which Georgia was to be set up. They decided the distribution of land, the layout of properties and towns, the laws, even the banning of alcohol. They completely planned out the colony of Georgia so it would be prepared to be the perfect cash-colony.
6. The land was issued in 50-acre, non-salable units. The most a person could own was 500 acres, to keep Georgia's borders densely populated with able-bodied men capable of being part of a militia. The problem with this was mostly the non-salable part of the bargain. By locking someone into their land, all opportunities of capitalism and pursuit of prosperity were stifled. A man couldn't sell his land and become a merchant if he was stuck with the land forever. Also, if a man wanted to become a plantation-owner of thousands of acres, he couldn't because of the 500 acre limit. And even if he was allowed to own more than 500 acres, there'd be nobody to sell him more land since the land was unsalable.
7. The rationale with not allowing slaves was that if a man owned a slave(s), he would not do any of the work himself and would lose his industriousness that England was so heavily banking on to keep him actively producing for his motherland. Also, there didn't seem a point in having slaves with a 500 acre limit on land ownership. Thirdly, it seemed likely that the slaves would join the Indians against the colonists if they ever attacked.
8. The silk-making industry in Georgia was non-existent despite the incredible amount of hype it received in England. The only mulberry tree that grew in Georgia was the black mulberry tree, which had leaves too rough for silk worms to inhabit. The hype for the silk industry that could occur in Georgia was so great that English trustees even based their plan for Georgia on it. They reasoned that since silk-production was such an easy task the children, women, and elderly could work the mulberry trees and produce plenty of silk to power the luxury demand for silk back in England.
9. The problem with the development of Georgia was the overbearing involvement the trustees of England had in the lives of the colony's inhabitants. They made specific lists of provisions to be given to families each year. They even provided them with specific tools to use for the cultivitation of the land they were given by the trustees. Many had come to Georgia from England because of England's long-established system of dependence and relationships. Many were forced to walk the streets in England and be dependent on charity for their livelihood. They moved to Georgia with the hope of a new, independent life, only to find they were forced to be dependent on the trustees for, once again, their livelihood.
10. The Trustees' assumption that Georgia middle-managament and local government would be consistent was just as distrous as, perhaps more-so than, their assumption that all of Georgia's colonists would work consistently. Men placed in charge of distributing food rations were the inevitable subject of accusations of bribery and other foul-play, even if they really did distribute food without bias. Another major problem with middle-management was court decisions. Court cases were handled locally, however they were based on laws created in England. To make matters more confusing, different laws of different regions of England applied to different persons of different regions of Georgia. To top that all off, the judges were inexperienced and subject to bias and bribery.
11. In 1750, the trustees finally allowed slavery in Georgia because they had increased the maximum land ownership size to 2000 acres and had allowed land exchange, so now colonists were complaining with larger amounts of land they needed slave labor to work all their land.
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
- Georgia became a victim because after the greatness that people saw in Georgia the people found it harder to act upon what they said would happen because its always easier to preach rather than do.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
-The promotional literature depicted Georgia as a place that would wipe out poverty and create the "most delightful country of the universe" and was also relresented as being the most beautiful natural paridise. With all this hype on Georgia the bar was raised so high that the likelyhood of Georgia's reality was slim to none.
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
-The cucial mistake as told by Boorstin is that after all the assumptions and the vaugness of the details of Georgia which created unrealistic expectations from Georgia.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
The original purpose of Georgia was to remove poverty from Georgia and to create money for "so called" charitable corporations.
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
The British government played a large role in the creation of Georgia. They wanted to take a good grip on Georgia because after all the hype it was sure to be a money maker which provoked the British to take an active role in the creation of laws etc even banning the use of alcohol.
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
-- How was this a mistake?
Georgia distributed land in blocks of 50 aceres and was also made to plant at least 50 white mulberry trees on his land. With all the land they were also required to have one negro womon who could produce silk for every 4 male negros. This was all in the interest of making money off of Georgia which was a mistake because with only interestins in making money off the the silk there was no room for militia or extra peolples in case of problems within Georgia.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
They were prohibited out of fear that if there was a healthy black population in Georgia there might be the threat of being attacked by the black slaves whom might join forces with the Indians.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
The silk making industry in georgia was a great industry because it was one of the main staples of the economy at the time. And if Georgia did not produce silk for trade there would be a great idiocy to not produce silk in large quantities for trade to Europe etc.
9. Please pay special attention to the chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
This section is very important to Georgia because it goes back to the roots in which Georgia was planned. To halt all povety, and to accomplish this the people would be supplied with certain things needed for sucess, but this plan was flawed in the power that the benifactors held because of the great amounts of money needed to pull off a charity of this scale.
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of buraucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
The doom of the colony was in the fact that so much trust was put onto the trustees that they would be fair and unbias with the food and supplies that were given out to end the poverty. This trust in people could never be fully absent of pettiness and corruption, because eventually the trustees would realize ways to make more money than they were and ways to cut corners to gain the most and loose the least.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
Once the total land holdings was upped to 20000 acres there was a much larger need for labor that was both cheap and effective for creating a greater economical gain.
1. The problem was that the creators of Georgia had this idea that their plan was flawless if used as planned, but once the real world caught up, they found it impossible to manage the colony as to plan, and therefore had to make changes, which caused the downfall of the colony.
2. In england, Georgia was portrayed as being "the most delightful country in the universe." Georgia was said to have a climate perfect for anything to thrive, abundant resources and undescribable air.
3. Percival and Olgethorpe's crucial mistake was that the had created a very detailed plan of the creation and function of Georgia before the two of them had even set foot in the area. Their plan began to crumble when they learned the truth of the region.
4. The purpose of the georgia colony was for it to be a place to send all of the poor of england to work, using the fertilness of georgia, to increase wealth in the english empire.
5. The British government helped with the Georgia project by paying for the poor of England to get to Georgia. By doing this, the government essentially claened up England, and ultimately made money from the poor people working in Georgia.
6. The plots of land in georgia were distributed to people and families arriving from england. Each family recieved a plot of 50 acres. For a plot of land to be held, an able, strong man must live on it as a way of defense. The problem with this system was the family or person occupying the plot of land could not sell the whole area or a part of it. Because only a male heir could inherit the land, if there wasn't one, or he didnt want to work the land, the land would return to the custody of the Trustees.
7. Slaves were forbided in Georgia for several reasons. The trustees said that the crops that would be prodused in georgia were not too labor intensive. The trustees also thought that during a war, the slaves would become allies with the enemy, endangering the colony and its people. Another problem the trustees saw with slaves was that the land holder would use his whole time making the slave work, and not keeping watch for enemys, and that the responsibility of keeping watch would be the slaves job, which also would have been a threat to the colony.
8. Before arriving in georgia, there was a thought that mulberry trees, essential for silk production, grew everywhere. Upon arrival, it was discovered the wrong type of mulberry tree grew and the one present was not ideal for silk production. To keep the dream of silk production alive, land holders were required to plant white mulberry trees. Silk trade in georgia never really developed although all of this planning. Silk was produced , but only in small amounts.
10. The people who settled in Georgia lived off of the trustees. EVentually, the people believed they were being treated unfairly by the trustees, who gave them food, land and supplies.
11. Slaves were permitted in Georgia after arguments had been made that the larger amounts of land people recieved, needed more people to work the land, and at less of a cost. Another reason they were allowed is that the people wernt there for the colony it self, but for their own good, and could care less if the slaves were the cause of death of the colony.
1. Georgia became a "victim of its own benefactors" when the English, who were leading the colonizing of Georgia, showed half-truth and propaganda to the settlers instead of allowing them to see England's real motives. Therefore, the settlers did not get what was "planned" for them.
2. The "promotional literature" depicted Georgia in exactly the way that the English wanted the colony to be perceived. For example, one book stated, "all things would undoubtedly thrive... that are to be found in the happiest places under the same latitude." Others called it a lush place, with many fruits and vegetation that did not compare to the English produce. Poetry was used to enhance the truth of these places.
3. Percival and Oglethorpe's "crucial mistake" was that they created strict plans and rules that were not relatable to Georgians because they had never been there. Not only were they too far away, they planned too far ahead, and had incorrect assumptions.
4. The "purpose" of the colony was to be a mark on the Americas for the English, and was supposed to enrich their economy and raise almost a "Zion"-like kingdom.(without the religion.) Overall, it was a hunt for money. The English told the settlers that this was to enrich them and to be focused on "charity and humanity" but obviously this was not the case.
5. The British government played a key role in how the colony was set up. The government set up the land distribution, provided what they thought to be adequate supplies for the first year of the settlers' inhabitance, and made other laws that many thought to be too strict and controlling.
6. The colony's land was to be divided into squares in which there were to be 100 mulberry trees on every 50 acres of land. By law, there had to be an able-bodied man in each family, and the land only could go to a male heir. This was a mistake because there was always the problem of not having an heir, or having a daughter. If the land was not owned AND worked by an able-bodied man, the land went back to the Colony's possession, and there was nothing to be gained for the settlers. Because land was unsalable, it was impossible for social classes to be formed, and with that there was a lack of incentive to even work.
7. Blacks were prohibited because the Trustees believed that having slaves on settlers' property would cause them not to work. One fear was that the slave would turn into the owner of the property, because the white man would have to watch out for "danger" with the black man on the farm. Also, it was feared that the obvious discontent of the blacks as slaves might turn into a rebellion against them, if an enemy were to attack.
8. The silk-making industry in Georgia was very corrupt. It was a great idea to limit English foreign investment, but the British got way too far ahead of themselves and looked to "legend, hope, and half-truth" to justify their quick spending and heavy planning. When they discovered that the climate was not right for silkworms, and the mulberry trees were of the wrong type, it was evident that the industry would not be able to support itself.
9. "A Charity Colony" dove into the workings of how the British controlled Georgia. Without the religion of others, the English depended on social ties that assured them and made them feel in control of some part of their destiny. America was simply not suited to English interference.
10. The "universal ills of bureaucracy" destroyed the colony because the strict rules and regulations imposed upon the settlers led to nothing but discontent, and, as Boorstin stated, the one thing that the people of Georgia needed was room for experimentation and self-sufficiency.
11. To allow slavery in Georgia, people argued that cheap labor was needed, and since there was discontent between the settlers already, it seemed like an arguable option. Also, it was argued that the lack of slaves was a reason that Georgia was seperated from the other colonies. That reason was probably the one that led the Trustees to reconsider.
1. Georgia was the victim of its pwn benfactors in the sense that the English had told the seettlers how Georgia would be colonized rashly changed their plans and caused Georgia to fall beneath the standard which were previously set.
2. The promotional literature virtually described Georgia as heaven on Earth, where there is bountiful food, space, and no troubles to be had.
3. Percival and Oglethrope's one crucial mistake was they were under the assumption that everything was going to go according to a plan they had formed based solely on hear-say about Georgia and not on personal experience.
4. Georgia's purpose was to be a cheap source of strong revenue for England constructed upon the harvestation of cash crops and using the urchins from England as the labour.
5. The British government planned out the initial distribution of land and assigned which portions of land would be used for which purpose (mianly agricultural). The government also instigated the laws that the settlers would have to adhere to.
6. Georgia distributed its land in 50 acre blocks and required that a man who was physically-able to live on and work each plot. Land could only be passed down to a son, otherwise it would return to the hands of the government.
7. Slaves were prohibited in Georgia because the whites would be threatened if numerous black slaves joined forces and revolted against their white masters.
8. Georgia's silk making industry was a failure because the English had the settlers try to grow the wrong type of mulberry trees, which weren't supported by the climate in Georgia, thus a huge loss would be made if the goevernment paid to uproot and replace the existing trees with new ones.
9. Georgia was intended to be a colony giving a home to the poor on the streets of England. The poor settlers would have to work and all materials would be sent back to England to a very hefty profit (for England).
10. The Enlish had full confidence in the trustees to be honest and just while "ruling" Georgia. OF course, the trustees bent the rules the English gave them to squeez more profits from the settlers and sent back less of their earnings to England. The trustees would eventually suck everything from the settlers and would have nothing to send to the English.
11. In 1750, slaves were permitted because the amount of ariable land had increased so much that a cheap source of labor was needed to make maximum profits.
1. We saw in the earlier chapters depicting the Quakers that when a group tries to use strict rules in order to build a paradise (which is how the English viewed Georgia), they are bound to fail. The Trustees of the Georgia colony planned every aspect of the colony in quite minute detail, down to how much land each colonist should have and what they should grow on it. In this way they took away the “risk, spontaneity, independence, initiative, drift, mobility, and opportunity” that characterized America at this time. The Georgian colonists were also not motivated to be hard workers, mostly in part to the financial support given them by both private and governmental entities, becoming victims of their own benefactors.
2. The “promotional” literature depicted Georgia as paradise on Earth. Its mild, perfect climate (especially in contrast to the one in England) and its rich soil would make crops flourish and its fruit would make fruit in England pale in comparison. The literature proclaimed that no exaggerations could be made in describing the colony; simply put, who would not want to settle there?
3. According to Boorstin, Percival and Oglethorpe’s “one crucial mistake” was being too specific with the plans for Georgia while at the same time not being specific enough because they were drawing up all these elaborate plans far from the actual colony and too far ahead of time. All at once these two men combined “vagueness and concreteness,” which were contradictory and would not hold out in the long run.
4. There were quite a few purposes for the Georgia colony, some of which were talked about more openly than others. The more official of the purposes was that the colony provided assistance and new opportunities to the poor of England out of “charity and humanity” while at the same time strengthening the other colonies of America and producing more goods to bring back home to the Motherland. The other purposes that the sponsors kept more to themselves was that many poor families living in big-city London actually cost England money every year, while a family working the rich and fertile soils of Georgia added to the wealth of the empire. Sponsors wanted to transport the “poor that pester the streets of London” out of their sight while at the same time profiting off of them.
5. The British government played an unusual role in the Georgia endeavor, one that differed greatly from the role they played in the other colonies. Parliamentary grants were given to Georgia that ultimately totaled £130,000 because Georgia was in need of financial support due to its status as a philanthropic experiment. This can be compared to the other colonies, where the only aid from the British government was for military purposes or times of war.
6. Since one of the purposes of the colony was to have a strong border, each parcel of land was to be of manageable size and run by one “able-bodied man.” In this way, one man could not be the owner of multiple parcels and thus too much land to effectively protect, which would weaken the border. The colony of Georgia gave 50 acres to each of the poor families sent overseas, while restricting the land holdings of all others to 500 acres. These parcels of land were also not salable and could only be passed down through male heirs. In having this type of system, where even hard-working and ambitious men could not expand their land holdings, the colony did not flourish as much as it had the opportunity to. The strict, inflexible laws the Trustees enforced stunted the growth of Georgia “by preventing the free accumulation, exchange, and exploitation of the land.”
7. Slaves were prohibited in the colonies because of the belief the Trustees had that having slaves made their owners complacent and uninterested in what was going on in their own land, which would go against the ideal they had that each man should work hard and be industrious in order to benefit England. The founders of the colony also feared that, as a border colony, if there ever was war or an invasion, which was quite inevitable, the slaves would side with the invaders and so be potential enemies within Georgian borders.
8. The whole topic of silk-making in Georgia proved just how misinformed the Trustees really were about life in the colony. They had been told by early adventurers in the area that mulberry trees (which can be used in the silk-making process) grew in abundance in Georgia. So they took the information and ran with it, hoping to make the silk industry the focus of work in the colony, to reduce foreign imports of silk, and produce employment for people of all ages, seeing as working with silk was not so strenuous. Their main mistake was that the trees which grew in abundance were not white mulberry trees, but the black mulberry trees which are too harsh for silkworms. So even though silk-making might not have been the best fit for the Georgia colony, all grantees were required to have a certain amount of white mulberry trees on their property. There came into being a silk-making industry in Georgia solely because of the influence of the Trustees. This industry was more or less put down in 1740, when even the Trustees could not deny the fact that it was not a profitable enterprise.
9. This chapter was very interesting, mostly because of the fact that it showed the quite stark differences between Georgia and the rest of the colonies. The rest of the colonies were peopled with those who wanted and were willing to work hard to gain the freedom and opportunity America had to offer. However, in Georgia, the colonists were not motivated to work hard because so much was already given to them for free. Not just the passage from England, but many tools needed to survive and one year’s supply of food were free to the colonists, and the burden of taxes was lifted through private donations. This ultimately doomed the colony because the colonists started to demand more and more and the financial burden on England became too great. Perhaps the most interesting part of the chapter, however, is the fact that the amount of welfare given to citizens is still an issue in countries around the world today, and the colony in Georgia helped to prove that giving the poor everything for free is not necessarily a viable solution to the problem of poverty.
10. A specific example of how bureaucracy through pettiness, arbitrariness, and corruption doomed the colony was that Thomas Causton, the bailiff and storekeeper of the colony, was accused of taking some supplies for himself. This corruption was made worse by the fact that he could not be accused or punished because he, being the deputy of the London Trustees, waived his own punishment. He also had the power to deny colonists their rightful supplies, giving way to favoritism. He was also being very small-minded and petty because he was making the whole colony much worse solely for the benefit of himself.
11. The main argument against slavery in Georgia was that by keeping land parcels small, slaves were not needed and would only cause the owner to become lazy. However, when the maximum individual land holding increased from 500 to 2000 acres in 1741, that argument was destroyed and there was renewed insistence on making slavery legal. Despite Oglethorpe’s warning that introducing slavery would make the colony more vulnerable to attack, slavery was allowed in 1750.
1. Man’s quest for perfection is an interminable path which can only result in failure. Similar to the fallen Quakers’ noble goal of creating a society based on pacifism and religious ideals, the new colony of Georgia was to become a victim of its own benefactors who sought a perfect, prosperous land. The intentions of the philanthropists of Georgia were good, but were also devoted to the betterment of the English empire. They viewed Georgia as a vessel to help the poor of London create a new and successful life for themselves, as well as a means to better England’s economy. In order to encourage settlers to Georgia, they told tales of this most glorious land which were just a bit exaggerated. The benefactors of Georgia also created a detailed blueprint of how the colony was to run, even screening the majority of the settlers intended for it, and thus doomed the settlers to a diagramed and only half-truth life in Georgia.
2. The promotional literature for Georgia could not have painted a more perfect picture. A New and Accurate Account of the Provinces of Georgia promised an ideal climate under which all living things would flourish, and an abundance of succulent fruits, and boundless game. It was to be the “Most delightful Country of the Universe” and so mystical and wonderful that no one could possibly exaggerate its qualities.
3. The two leaders of the venture in the colony of Georgia, Lord Percival and General Oglethorpe made a “crucial mistake” planning. Their goals were overly specific and premature. They went so far as to plan how much land each settler would have and what specifically they would grow as well as censoring the settlers which would farm the land. Making such detailed plans so far away from the sight and far in advance proved to be a “crucial mistake.”
4. As is true in most political endeavors, there was more than one side to the venture in the colony of Georgia. Boorstin groups the motives of the English into a combination full of variety: “corruption, sycophancy, virtue, hardheadedness, honor, and philanthropy.” The motives preached to the public were those of humanitarian values and their want to offer the poor an opportunity to thrive in a new land. The underlying motive, however, which was often stated within the House of Commons was to better the British economy. By settling this area in the New World, they would be “increasing the trade, navigation, and wealth of these our realms.” It made perfect political sense to rid their own streets of the destitute, ship them off to a new land that would not only benefit the settlers but would make England “rich by sending her Poor Abroad.”
5. The British Government played a crucial role in Georgia’s “philanthropic endeavor”. The King expressed his want to “relieve the plight of his poor subjects” and thus supported the undertaking. However, more importantly, Parliament backed the venture financially by supplying the colony with over £130,000 in the mutual hope of alleviating London’s streets of the poor.
6. The obstinate Trustees of Georgia devised an ignorant plan by which to divvy up land which would stifle life in the new colony. The individual holdings could be no more than 500 acres and had to be inherited by only a male (otherwise the land would be retaken by the Trustees). They reasoned that holdings should be small so enemy attack would be unable to infiltrate the borders and the holders would be more inclined to be “industrious”. Additionally, the land was not to be salable in order to thwart speculation and emigration. As Boorstin states, “The Trustees’ plan would have served just as well for a colony on the borders of Timbuktu.” It was the Trustees’ unwillingness to truly take into account Georgia as an individual entity which caused the enterprise to suffer.
7. The Trustees viewed Negro slaves as an inhibitor to their precious plan in Georgia. If the settlers owned slaves, the Trustees argued, they would be less inclined to work their self. The settlers would have the additional time consuming worry of looking after the slave to prevent escape or injury to their families. Also, the slaves could possibly side with the enemy in attack. Finally, the Trustees sounded, that no venture in the colony would necessitate the labor of slaves. Although the Trustees’ reasoning was in self-interest of the colony, their prohibition of slavery was one America should have sided with from the start.
8. The silk venture was an additional falsified hope of perfection founded by the Trustees in Georgia. The silk endeavor was a scheme to limit foreign power in silk imports and eventually take hold of the silk export itself. The Trustees pointed out that they would save Britain £500,000 in the annual cost of silk imports in addition to providing 40,000 total jobs for both colonists and English. Their incorrect assumptions of the silk industry in Georgia were fueled by false reports of the abundance of white mulberry trees (which were in fact black and unsuitable for silkworms) and the promotion of the industry by “experts” of the field such as Sir Thomas Lombe who enthusiastically supported the silk industry in Georgia. To kick-start silk culture in Georgia, the Trustees promised higher sale prices and required land owners to plant a mulberry tree per acre in addition to owning five Negro slaves. In the end, even the Trustees could not deny the failure of the enterprise.
9. A Charity Colony explains the process of how Georgia went from being a vessel of England’s hopes and dreams, to an admitted failure by its benefactors. The philanthropists viewed America as a land of possibility that knew no bounds. Thus, the Trustees of Georgia gave a great deal of themselves in contribution to the philanthropic endeavor. For example, Oglethorpe gave £3000 of his own to the cause. Eventually, £18,000 was raised by purely private means. This, coupled with the enormous grant by Parliament kicked Georgia off to a fruitful start. The lives of the poor who were to become thriving settlers were planned out for them like “a well-run jail” as all their necessities and food were strictly rationed down to the exact pounds of soap each person would have. Such extreme charity, however, would prove to be the undoing of the Trustees of Georgia. The colonists had no need for taxes because everything was donated to them and thus had no need for self-government either. As the saying goes, “You give them an inch, they’ll take a mile.” And such was the case of the Georgia colonists as their increasing demands for security from the Trustees forced them to admit that “those who had been useless in England were inclined to be useless in Georgia likewise.”
10. The obvious fallbacks of being ruled by a bureaucracy applied to the colony of Georgia. They were plagued by rulers infested with pettiness, arbitrariness, and corruption. Thomas Causton was a bailiff and storekeeper of Georgia and was not immune to these three “universal ills of bureaucracy.” Causton had the power to give or refuse supplies to the colonists and greatly abused it. Pettiness and corruption took over as he used the strict rations for his own betterment and gave into bribery. The rations and quality of which he gave were arbitrary as well, subject to his discretion. Due to the fact that he was a deputy of the Trustees, he was able to waive his own punishment, further abusing the power of bureaucracy.
11. By 1750, the Trustees were relinquishing their charter. The Trustees had argued against slavery, correctly claiming that by the settlers clamoring to own slaves, it only showed that they did not wish to contribute to the prosperity of the colony themselves. But with the allotment of the maximum land holding increased, settlers argued that “lack of Negroes caused the colony’s stagnation and discontent.” The argument became so strong that when the Trustees stepped down completely, a slave economy in Georgia was born.
1. Georgia became a victim of its own benefactors because when a charitable corporation was developed to help those less fortunate, a cashier and store keeper had absconded with 570,000 pounds of capital. The House of Commons debate was limited due to some of the relatives having participated in such things as well. Also, the people in England who had planned for the colony and mapped out things they would accomplish ultimately led the colony to fail because they planned too far ahead into the future.
2. Bishop Berkeley’s promotional literature depicted Georgia as causing a new “golden age” of arts, literature, and prosperity. Georgia sponsored by men who said they would take no profit. “A vast enterprise with altruistic motives.” (pg 74). Practical when colonizing, the colony was measured by strength and prosperity. The temperate climate helped numerous fruits and crops thrive. Also, there was abundant food and fertile land.
3. According to Boorstin, their one crucial mistake was that they posed combination in their personalities of vagueness and concreteness. Their enterprise suffered because of the “haziness of t heir purpose of doing good,” and overly excessive detailed ways they mapped out the things they wanted to accomplish in the colony. The crucial mistake was simply over-planning for the future when they were only assuming details.
4. One purpose of Georgia was that it was supposed to protect the boarders from Indian, Spanish, and French invasion under the English colonists. The people of Georgia were also to purchase timber, silk, and trade. Georgia’s purpose ultimately was to be a moneymaker for England. Through trade, farming, and industry, the colonists brought from England, some needy and hardworking, Georgia was to prosper and bring in money for England.
5. The British government set up plans of how Georgia was to proceed. Their plans were for Georgia to run smoothly as a money maker. The British government was to preserve their people, increase consumption of manufactures, and strengthen American dominions. It was their duty to their people. They offered opportunity to support themselves, increase trade, navigation, and wealth, which was the least the British could do. The British government decided everything from laws to land distribution.
6. Georgia distributed land by dividing it into segments. Land was distributed in 50 acre plots, 116 squares per district, each with a house in the middle. There were 640 acres in a square. Land was distributed this way as to maintain equality. This was a mistake, because they did not realize how much land each person would need, and limited each to 50 acres. Planning too far ahead into the future. The largest amount of land a person could have was 500 acres. The people were locked into their specific plots, unable to sell their land or gain more for profit.
7. The reason blacks were prohibited was because if a white man had a slave, he would be “less disposed to do labor himself,” (pg 81). He would have to make sure his slave did the work and watch for any problems that might occur. In the 500 acre land limit, there really was not much room for slaves or a point either. The colony did not require slaves because the labor wouldn’t require it ultimately to avoid a conflict.
8. Silk was supposed to become the staple product for the colony. Imported silks to Britain were 500,000 pounds. To save money, the colonists decided to raise it themselves, which also provided jobs for nearly 20,000 peoples. Their black mulberry however was not sufficient for silk, as the leaves were too rough for silk worms to live on. In May 1742, half the silk worms in Savannah died. The silk industry was almost non-existent, despite the wishes of England and all the promoting it was receiving.
9. This section is important because it discusses the developments of Georgia. The English trustees were so involved with the lives of the colonists and planning for Georgia. They covered almost everything in their planning, such as the provisions that were given out every year to colonists. “London philanthropists were trying to make Georgia fulfill a European dream” (pg 84). The people that came to Georgia were hoping for independence, but had to rely on the Trustees.
10. The focus on silk became a downfall, as the Trustees hoped to create a mulberry aristocracy. The silk industry failed, and this was due to the pettiness and a corrupt idea that Georgia could grow and maintain a silk industry. Actually, the main focus was relying so heavily on the trustees themselves. The people of the colony could never fully be independent or develop new things in the colony with the Trustees controlling every move that was made.
11. In 1750, Slavery was allowed as Georgians were allowed to buy, sell, lease, exchange, and will land. The maximum ownership of land was increased to 2000 acres. As land size increased, the need for slaves became more apparent, and it was argued that slave numbers should increase as well, as conditions had changed in the colony. The economy and colony could not survive without slaves.
1. The colony of Georgia was over-planned and over-managed. The philanthropists that planned Georgia were trying to help the poor people of England. However, by micromanaging, the Trustees took away the poor peoples’ hope. The poor people, now Georgians, learned that if they demanded money from the Trustees, then the Trustees had no choice but to give it to them. In this way, the Georgians could simply stop trying to make a living on their own and constantly draw money from the Trustees. The Trustees also prohibited any kind of market system from developing in Georgia. The Trustees created a monster with an insatiable appetite. Georgians kept demanding money to support themselves and the Trustees kept paying. Georgia was never able to become independent from the Trustees because of the restrictions created by the Trustees. In this way, Georgia became a victim of its own benefactors.
2. "Promotional" literature depicted Georgia as a paradise. Georgia was being sold as an easily tamed Garden of Eden. One writer even described Georgia as, "the happiest places under the same latitude." Georgia was depicted as a paradise that "easily supplied a bounteous table."(pg. 75)
3. Boorstin mentions that the "crucial mistake" made by Percival and Oglethorpe was over- planning. Their plans were petty and overly detailed. What was worse, they made these plans without actually going to Georgia. This caused problems and ultimately led to the demise of their Georgia charter. Overall, the colony of Georgia was over-planned without taking into account the factors of Georgia.
4. The "purpose" of Georgia according to Oglethorpe was "charity and humanity." In other words, Georgia was created as a place to send the poor so they could be less of a burden on England. The Trustees of the Georgia charter also wanted to put the poor to use in a new colony that would yield more profits for Brittan.
5. The British government was very enthusiastic about sending the poor to America. One reason was financial. It cost the British government £10 to support a poor family year after year; however, it only cost a one-time payment of £20 to send the poor family to Georgia. Once the family was in Georgia, they were off England's tab. One more benefit of Georgia was that it could act as a buffer state between the Spanish controlled Florida and the English South Carolina.
6. The Trustees of the Georgia charter gave land to the new inhabitants of Georgia unwisely. Each family received 50 acres of land. This land, however, could not be divided or sold. The land could not be willed and only the male heir could inherit it. If a family had no sons then the land would go back to the Trustees. In addition, one man could hold no more than 500 acres of land. These regulations were all problematic. First of all these regulations prohibited any kind of free market system from developing in Georgia. In addition, the inability to buy and sell land caused farms to fail. This happened because the nutrients from the fields became depleted after a various number of seasons. Then farmers could not move to new fields because they could not buy new land.
7. Black slaves were not allowed in Georgia because the Trustees thought that the poor peple were lazy and the slaves would end up doing all the work. The Trustees, for whatever reason, wanted the new inhabitants of Georgia to do the work, not slaves. They also thought the black slaves would turn on their masters, if an attack came, and help the attackers.
8. When the Trustees of Georgia were informed about the capabilities of silk production, they stated making provisions that, they hoped, would start a silk industry in Georgia. First, all land grantees were required to plant "50 white mulberry trees on every 50 acres"(pg. 83) and 2000 white mulberry trees on plots that were 500 acres. These trees were required because silk worms feed off these trees. Black slaves did the actual processing of the silk, after the Trustees allowed slavery for the process of "silk-culture."
11. Beginning in 1738, land-holding restrictions slowly disappeared. Women became allowed to inherit, land could be willed. By 1750, "finally a Georgian could buy, sell, lease, exchange, or will his land."(pg. 90) In addition, the cap on the amount of land one could own was raised from 500 acres to 2000 acres. This caused landowners to call for the use of large amounts of black slaves. In 1750, the Trustees gave in and allowed slavery.
2. Books like Tom Jones, showed a place full of security and dependence, a place right for the English middle class.
3. Percival and Oglethorpe’s crucial mistake was planning to far in advance to have things work realistically. They weren’t able to accurately predict the change that would become of Georgia, so they could not accurately prepare. What they attempted however, could have been proven useful if they were able to predict change better because they would be able to foresee opportunities to make Georgia a better place to live in.
4. A major purpose of Georgia was to use it as place were they could get rid of there poor. In doing this they made money because they poor colonist would be farming and send back supplies. Georgia was also used as an outpost for future expansion, so this to was a very profitable reason to settle in Georgia.
5. Englishmen wanted to turn Georgia into the English dream. They wanted Georgia to seem like a place for the unemployed, unfortunate souls of England, and a protector of the new frontier. People passed on belief that America would be an escape, and a place to a have a flourishing life. The British government also paid large sums of money to the Georgia parliament which had been completely unheard of until this instance. So, with the help of the English government, colonist did not have to pay taxes.
6. Sir Robert Montgomery planned out a way to pass out land to inhabitants. It was based on a grid system. In each square lay a house in the middle with one mile around all sides. The only thing that separated the plots where freeways and other roads. The idea was to have all land in use, so that no enemy could enter and attack the rest of the plots. Also, land had to be passed to the male heir. If there wasn’t a male heir, the family would lose its land after the owner passed away.
7. Slaves were prohibited because it would make the white man lazy. Slaves would promote an absentee ownership, which scared the Trustees, so slaves were prohibited. Also, the Trustees believed that if there was an outside invasion, the slaves would ally with the invaders.
8. Silk was discovered in Georgia, and proved profitable. It would employ over 40,000 people in both Georgia and in England. The silk was cheaper than buying it from a foreign country.
9. One example of the universal ills that destroyed the colony was Thomas Causton. Casuton gave out bad beef, short rations, and gave into bribery. He was a deputy, and therefore stopped himself getting thrown into jail. This kind of thing brought Georgia into doomed colony.
1. Georgia was the "victim of its own benefactors" because England had high dreams and plans for it to flourish but they were the ones who made it one of the worst colonies of the time, through inexperience and delusions.
2. Georgia was made out to be as the perfect colony, with a great climate and land, so you could grow whatever you wanted, and even mulberry trees for silk (not noticing they were the wrong trees). "Such an air and soil can only be fitly described by a poetical pen, because there is but little truth of exceeding the truth" (pgs 75-76)
3. They planned without being in Georgia. Due to this, they had false hopes and stuck to their plans without deviating, a problem when the plans wouldn't work. Also, they had no idea of what to expect there, so problems (like the Mulberry trees) threw them off.
4. Georgia's purpose was to help England get rich, perfectly and according to plan. "London Philanthropists were trying to make Georgia fulfill a European dream. They were less interested in what was possible in America than in what had been impossible in Europe." (pg 84)
5. The British government were the ones drawing up the (mistaken) plans for Georgia.
6. Land was divided into 50 acre squares, with an ablebodied man in each unit. Everything was based on squares and perfection, but a major problem was that the land wasn't able to be sold or traded. "By preventing the free accumulation, exchange, and exploitation of land they stultified the life of the colony" (pg 81)
7. Slaves were prohibitted because the planners of Georgia thoght they would be a threat to hard work and safety. If there were slaves, then the owners would wpend time watching the slaves and making sure everything went well, instead of working because there were no slaves to watch. Also, the planners feared that slaves would join and help anyone who was attacking the colony.
8. Silk production was a flop in Georgia. The Trustees hyped up everything about it, planning on it being the main export, planning on everyong being able to do such a simple task, and making people plant certain amounts of tress on their land. However, only the black mulberry tree grew in georgia, with leaves too rough for silkworms. Silk was still made, but very few people knew all the ways to do it, and they kept the secrets to themselves to avoid becoming ordinary.
10. The English had to trust the Trustees, sinec they couldn't keep an eye on them the whole time. The trustees then bent the rules to get more profits, since they had the opportunity. Even those that didn't were looked at suspiciously nontheless.
11. In 1750 slavery was allowed because slaves were needed. Land size was increased, and more people were needed to utilize it all
~Chris Sogge~ :)
1.) Georgia was the "victim of its own benefactors" because while the English started and supported the colony early on, they eventually led to the colonies demise because of their lack of experience and poor management.
2.) The "promotional" literature's intention was to draw people in to Georgia, so they obviously made it sound much better than it actually was. They described it as having fertile land and an abundance of resources., Which was contrary to Georgias real landscape.
3.) The crucial mistake that Percival and Oglethorpe made was that they made too many assumptions and planned their colonization too much. They werent totally sure of Georgias potential and they overplayed it before first analyzing the area.
4.) Georgia's "purpose" was to essentially bring in money with cheap labor. It was a win-win situation, England makes money while shipping away all of their poor citizens.
5.) England was basically the driving force behind Georgia' development. They were involved in the planning and land distribution of te new colony, along with setting up the laws and restrictions in Georgia.
6.) Georgia's land was distributed to settlers in 50 acre incriments. This system probably would've worked out, except for 1 flaw. Owners were not able to sell any of their land to other colonizers, because they feared people would leave Georgia and go other places if they could sell their land. This eventually had a crippling effect on Georgia.
7.) Slaves were prohibited in Georgia because people thought it would inhibit Georgia;s profitability. First, they thought slaves might team up with the Native Americans and cause fighting in Georgia. Additionally, they thought that if the landowners had slaves, tey would beles inclined to work themselves and they would get lazy.
8.) The silk making industry became another one of Georgia's flops. One problem with the industry was that while silkworms thrive when they have access to white mulberry trees, Georgia only had black mulerry trees, which the silkworms would not live on. Despite all of the seeming potential the silk industry had in Georia, it was a failure.
9.) Georgia was called a "charity colony" because of the constant involvement of the English trustees in Georgia's success (or lack thereof). Georgia was originally viewed as a land with infinite potential, and the trustees tried everything to keep it afloat. The colony essentially became a charity to its inhabitants, with the trustees giving away money, land, food and tools to the colonizers with high hopes for Georgia's future.
10.) The "universal ills of beaurocracy" led to the demise of Georgia because the new beaurocracy had strict rules and regulations which led to unhappyness and discontent amongst the settlers. Without the cooperation of the inhabitants of Georgia, the colony began to crumble.
11.) The reasons that slaves were brought to Georgia was basically because people complained that the lack of slaves was what was holding Georgia back from success. Also, land size restrictions were increased from 500 to 2000 acres, a size for which slaves were a neccesity to upkeep.
1. Georgia became a victim of its own benefactors because England over-planned for its colonization. The initial plan was to give channel the poor colonists over to Georgia to help them earn a better income. The plan was then to give to poor money whenever they asked for it. This turned into a downward spinning cycle that ended badly. The colonist began relying on this money putting the trusties further in debt.
2. It was stated through poetry that Georgia was the perfect place to live and make a home. It was depicted that the land was fertile and lush. There was enough food for everyone there and the climate is perfect for farming. The English wanted this to happen so the poor people would move there and be happy. This however, did not happen.
3. Percival and Oglethorpe's crucial mistake was the problem that they planned for the colonization of Georgia before they had even been there before. This proved to be a problem for them because they had no understanding of the climate or what the land was like for farming.
4. Georgia was formed as a "buffer" state. It was used to send the poor people of England and help boost the economy by doing all of the manual labor.
5. The British played a large role in Georgia's philanthropic endeavor, but its role was mainly negative. They wanted to make sure they got their money's worth. The colony was very much over-planned in such a way that each property was laid out and each of the laws were previously set. Often people thought that these laws were very strict.
6. In Georgia the land was distributed to each family in fifty-acre units (the max. limit was 500 acres). Each plot must be owned by an able bodied white man who could join the militia. This was a big problem because once the land was under someones possession, it could not be sold and if there was no one to work the land it is given back to the trustees.
7. The main reason that colonists were prohibited from owning black slaves was the threat from the enemy. For example, there was the fear of the slaves running away and joining up with the Indians. Since every family was limited up to 500 acres it would be pointless to have black slaves working the land. The job for them instead would be to oversee the land and watch out for enemies, which would be another threat to the colony.
8. In Georgia each family was required to plant 50 white mulberry trees on their plot of land. However the climate was not appropriate for white mulberry trees, and only black ones could survive. The black ones however were too rough to support any silk worms. Thus the silk production in Georgia was non-existent. Even though it was non-existent in Georgia it was believed (in England) to be very successful.
9. This section mainly discussed the amount of unnecessary amounts of planning that went into the colonization of Georgia. Many people moved to Georgia from England because they had to join charities for money. They had hope when they moved to America.
10. Doom came to colony when England placed all of its trust upon the trustees. They expected the food and other provisions to be fairly rationed out. However the trustees eventually figured out ways to cut corners in order to make more money.
11. In 1750, black slaves were allowed into Georgia because the maximum land amount was raised to 2000 acres per family. Once the land amount were raised the colonists began to complain about the amount of labor. With the black slaves, came cheap labor and more hands for the land.
2. The promotional literature depicted Georgia as a kind of paradise. From the climate to the prosperity, they touted Georgia as the best place to live and prosper.
3. Percival and Ogalthorpe's one crucial mistake was that the plans they made were too solid and detailed considering their distance from Georgia and their minimal knowledge of the land itself. They put huge plans on a foundation of toothpicks.
3. Georgia's "purpose" was as a colony where the poor people of England could move to and prosper. However, it would also serve the benefit of providing for England and removing the poor from the motherland.
6. The colony distributed the land with rules that weren't based on any real knowledge of Georgia. The allotted a charity of 50 acres to families who couldn't afford it, but this was a mistake. It was nearly impossible to live on 50 acres in Georgia. They didn't know one thing about the land for certain, but made decisions in stone anyway. Land could not be sold either, and no one could own more than 500 acres. They couldn't buy land to enlarge their estate or will it to relatives.
7. Slaves were prohibited, initially, in Georgia because it was believed that white men wouldn't work for themselves, but would waste their time ordering their slaves about. There was also fear that the slave, if the man of the house was absent, would harm the family, or would be an easy ally for the Native Americans. Since the people of Georgia were anxious enough about invasion, they found the use of slaves too risky, and the 500 acre maximum was small enough that slaves weren't necessary.
8. Because of the presence of mulberry trees in Georgia, it was assumed that a silk making industry would prosper there. Of course, the fact that they were black mulberry trees instead of white mulberry, the kind needed for silkworms, was overlooked, so everyone had to plant a certain amount of white mulberry trees depending on the amount of land they owned. They also thought the climate would be suitable for silkworms and that unskilled labor could be used in the industry. However, it turned out that the climate was unpredictable and not suitable for silkworms and they all died. The labor paid less than other forms so people didn't want to do it. Overall, the silk industry in Georgia was a failure.
11. Slavery was finally allowed in the colony of Georgia because the amount of land people could own was increased to 2000 acres and with more land, the people needed more labor, specifically cheap labor, so slavery was allowed.
(and I will at one point get the hang of not clicking "publish" before I'm done at some point...)
2) The "promotional" literature or rather, poetry, depicted Georgia as a land essentially flowing with milk and honey, destined to become a Utopia, the Eden of the Americas.
3) The "crcuial mistake" was that P and O planned on something that was that was not only assumed and proven false, but it was also unrealistic.
4) The original purpose of Georgia was to essentially make it a place that the English could send their pooer lower-class, can-'t-do-much-for-England people to in order to work for the benefit of the motherland instead of dragging her down.
5) The British government established the way that Georgia itself was to be established, much like how the American government established the system in Japan after WWII. The difference here is that the main goal of the British was to find the most productive way to squeeze the profits out of the Georgian colony.
7) Black slaves were prohibited simply because they could either revolt and could overthrow the British establishment in Georgia should they become too numerous or strong as a collective, or they could overthrow their masters and take back Georgia entirely with the aid of the Native population.
11) The productive plantation/land owners required more field-hands to work their plantations/lands due to the fact that the maximum land-ownership standard had been raised. Therefore, to keep the profits rolling in, the British government along with the Georgian trustees allowed slavery.
1. Gerogia became a "victim of its own bebefactors" due to its supportors over investment into several failed attempts at making it a cash cow. the first attempt was beginning the silk indutstry this, overinvestment into one specific trade did not allow georgia to develope a strong self sufficient base with which to become a cash cow from. Secondly as colonists the rulling philantropists used poor or very low end middle class, so upon arriving in the colony they had no money whith which to begin trade.
2. The literature used to entice people to move to the georgia colony depicted georgia as a land of great firtility and wealth, in which it wasnt.
4. Georgias perouse was to become a major cash cow in the silk trade for England, because the English elite were tired having to go through the turks in order to get fine silk from east Asia.
5. In order to get other donors and get the ball rolling, Georgia required a large sum of money invested into it as a sort of "down payment", this payment came in the form of some 130,000 punds by the end of the project.
6. Tjhe colonial government in Georgia distributed land in set parcels which wre quickly used up and useless by the inhabitants this prevented those men who were growing silk from having enough suitable farm land with which to subsist.
7. Initaily black slaves were prohibited because the authorities did not want those colonists they sent over to not have to work becasue they would then get rich for them selfs and thus possibly not support the crown with as much profit.
8. The silk industry was initialy set up as a cash cow for the wealthy back in England because they were tired of the high prices brough about by going through the turks or the long perilous journey of going around africa, soo they attempted to grow their own silk in the colony of Georgia. Unfortunatly, the kind of mulbary tree native to georgia was not the common silk producing kind, so when those white mulbary's were brough over they were very dificult to get to survive and the industry ultimatly failed.
11.Slavery was allowed in 1750 because, the prsels of land were increased to approximately 2000 acres, and a single family could not work that much land, therefore slaves were brought in inorder to alieviate the problem.
-Colin Sobek
Georgia
2) Promotional literature for Georgia was to the British probably what Zion was to be like for the Puritans. It was made up to be so heaven like, to have all kinds of the most tasteful fruit, limitless game for eating, and a perfect climate. In essence, these writers were telling fat lies in order to make Georgia look as good as possible. But in the times of poverty and desperation that were in England at the time, these writing were used to portray colonizers to Georgia as heroes for making the expedition to the “holy land”.
4) The purposes of Georgia, according to Oglethorpe were, of course, “charity and humanity” but also those of strengthening England’s resources and support through the increase of manufacture and by creating a stronger hold in America for England. The settling of Georgia was to “increase the trade, navigation, and wealth of these our realms.”
7) Blacks were banned from Georgia because they were considered too much of a danger to the society, and also because Georgia’s plan did not have the need for any sort of servants. The Londoners claimed that black slaves would present a constant threat to a master and his family, and that in essence, they were more trouble than they were worth. The Londoners also stated that a slave would cause a white man to “be less disposed to labor himself.”
10) The plans of Georgia were built on principles that would be failed by human nature. Integrity was one of the principles that seemed to deteriorate. As seen with the example of the storekeeper, it was easy for some Georgia colonists to abuse authority for the benefit of themselves (and their stomachs). Optimism was also another part of human nature that failed Georgia. The Londoners thought that everything would go perfectly, the land distribution, the prohibition of alcohol and slaves, and the production of silk. In the end, there was nothing but settlers shackled like slaves to their land, drunkards and the dynamic protest for slaves, and a great amount of dead silkworms. That is how the "universal ills of buraucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness, and corruption" doomed the colony.
1. Georgia became a victim of it's own benefeactors due to the colonists seeing the potential in Georgia, so many people attempted to extract this potential, but it could not function as the benfeactors desired.
2. The "promotional literature" depicted Georgia as heaven on Earth, attracting people to this paradice. due to the standards set by the literature, it was no surprise Georgia crashed.
3. Boorstin states that Percival and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake" was that they put too much planning into Georgia because of assumptions based of Vague information.
4. Georgia's original purpose was to remove poverty and create money for british companies.
5. The British Government planned Georgia's creation in it's entirety, due to all the hype, they felt the might be able to get it to live up to its expectations.
6. Georgia distributed land in sections of 5 acres by ten acres, requiring a mulberry tree on each acre. also, for every male balck slave on the land, a silk-working black woman was required in a bid from the governemnt to get money. this focus on the economy only is what brough georgia down.
7. Black slaves were banned because the aristocracy feared that if a sizable population arose, then they would ally themselves with the native americans and revolt.
8. Silk was a Focal point of the world's economy at the time, so georgia's production of it greatly aided Britain in it's trading.
9. The chapter covers the very origins of georgia, and how the state started as a charity based state formed to reduce poverty levels.
10. The "doom" of the colony was rought forth by the government's over-trust of the people, the government expected their trustees to divide everything fairly, and assumed there would be no corruption in the system.
11. Black slaves were intorduced into georgia in 1750 due to an economic boom, where 20000 acres of land needed more cheap labor to produce corps to meet demands.
1. Georgia was a victim due to the immense reliance they had on the people who had chartered it. Then, they decided it's future, which led Georgia to b what it was in the war.
2. It depicted georgia as a utopia. Georgia was considered the perfect place to live and reside, even when there were many better places in the colonies that were so. It created a mount olympus of Georgia. Everything was heavenly and it was necessary that you travel and reside there.
4. The purpose of Georgia as a colony was to have a place where not necessarily wealthy men from England could come and have a place to live in the colonies. It created an escape from the difficult social ladder of Europe and gave another chance at a new life. In this way also, england used it to make as much money as possible.
6. The colony of Georgia destributed land in 50 acre pieces to men who could not only work those fifty acres, but could also be part of a militia. The only problem was that these plots of land could not be re-sold. Therefore, inhabitants were trapped on their plots of land and were forced to work them to keep their families alive.
11. In 1750, most of the land owning laws had changed. The maximum number of acres a man could hold was increased. And now, you could sell your land. In this way, people said that they needed slave labor in order to work the land thouroughly.
1.. Georgia was the victim of its own benefactors due to the fact that the colonist depended on the money that they would recieve if they simply requested it, theis however put the trustees in debt and eventually led to endless loss.
2..Georgia was depicted as the ideal place, ideal soil, ideal climate and eventually led to endless loss.
3..Their crucial mistake was assuming that their plan to colonize Georgia built up of unrealistic plans all created with neither one ever arriving in Georgia would even come close to being succesful.
4..The purpose of the colony was to provide wealth for the area providing work and money for all in need.
5..The gov't had a say in all the laws which all in georgia had to obey along with controlling the land distribution. They controlled it so closely simply because it was said to be such a great ideal place that they knew it would be a money maker.
6..Land was given to familes in 50 acre plots, this seemed like a good idea however they were unable to sell of trade their plots of land it was only allowed to be passed down through inheritance or would be forced to be returned to the trustees.
7..Slaves were prohibited because if slaves were working, becoming strong, they would have the oportunity to rise up agains the population. Also slaves were prohibited because they made the every day working man lazy and dependent on his slave.
8..The silk making industry was a failure due to the not so ideal climate the mulberry trees were not supported and thus caused the silk making industry to be a failure.
9..The people who lived in the colony lived off of the trustees abiding by their laws and ways however over time became unsatisfied with the trustees in charge who were supporting them.
11..Allowing slavery was a hard aspect to find reasons for. Prior to allowing slavery it was said that an owner would become lazy by being so dependent on his slave to do all the work on his land. MOre land was aquired and slaves were eventually seen as needed and were allowed.
1. Very early on the colony of Georgia became victimized by benefactors because of the system the Trustees set up for support. Because the colony needed large sums of money to be able to support their need for defense and farming the Trustees started accepting private donations whenever possible. However, the colony couldn’t just survive on the private funds and so they started asking for contributions back in England. Soon Parliament even pitched in because they supported Oglethrope and Percival’s humanitarian causes with large grants. And while Georgia survived off the charity money for a while problems started accumulating. The people were never taxed because of the complete dependence of the contributions which caused Georgia, for a while, to never focus on creating the basics of a self-government. As well, the colonists were given all the food and goods that the Trustees thought they would need in an extensive plan which only caused Georgia to become dependent on the demand of more goods and necessities from the Trustees. The colony was too dependent on London to show any concern on prospering themselves.
2. The promotional literature for Georgia depicted it to be almost completely perfect. They claimed you could grow anything in the climate and that the fruit that was grown there was “so delicious that whoever tastes them will despise the insipid watery taste of those we have in England.” It claimed that the area could only be justly described in poetry because there was no exaggeration big enough for Georgia. As well other literature was full of specific mathematical calculations as to what a family would have to plant and earn and then save to have a permanently self-supporting life while still making England rich.
3. According to Boorstin, Percival and Oglethrope’s crucial mistake was their system of planning for the new colony of Georgia. Just like the Puritans and the Quakers, Percival and Oglethrope were too attached to their ideas of good that they wanted to accomplish. They had made to many specific plans that were focused too far into the future and that were far to advanced. One example of this is the system they had for emigrants into their country. They agreed to provide a place for refuge foreign Protestants is they deemed helpful with industry and discouraged any men who were already earning enough since they were already helping England.
4. The two main purposes of the creation of Georgia as a new colony was tied back to England. Just like the general purpose of all colonies Georgia was supposed to be a supply center for England that would eventually wreak great profit, and was also to provide a place of refuge for foreign Protestants and a place for the useless poor of London to finally show return .
5. Unlike other countries at that time, Great Britain gave public funds to its colony in Georgia. Because the colony needed support the Trustees (whose sole purpose was to do anything to benefit the new colony without making profit) gave large sums of money and accepted private donations whenever possible. However, without the large grants from Great Britain’s parliament the colony wouldn’t have been able to fund all of its defenses and basic needs.
6. One of the many problems with the Trustees plan for Georgia was the way the land was distributed to the colonists. Even from the start a whole fifty acres took a large amount of effort to clear because of the thick pines that covered it, and when a family had finally cleared it and found it almost impossible or pointless (since all the basic provisions that they needed or would need were already being provided by the Trustees) to work on they found they couldn’t sell it back. Since the land was controlled by the government people were stuck with unfertile small plots of land, until 1740’s when the Trustees finally found it fit to modify the original system by allowing more land allotted to each family, allowing woman to inherit land, and allowing land to be sold traded and bought. However, as soon as this one part of the system was changed the domino affect started occurring within the whole colony’s plan.
7. Black slaves were prohibited in Georgia because of the fear of the weakness that might occur in the white man if he became too dependent on him. The white man would become lazy and allow the slave to do all his work leaving his family dependent on how much work the slave got done. As well there was the fear that in case of an attack or war on the colony the slaves would be the first group that the enemy would ally with, thus making the workers more vulnerable.
11. By 1750 slavery had been allowed in Georgia because of the needed modifications to the original plans. When the Trustee’s finally agreed to give each of the colonists more land to farm it meant that they needed more hands to help them tend to their farms, and since no one wanted expensive labor the insistence upon the cheap labor of the Negros increased. Also, since the dream of Georgia becoming focused on the silk industry each family had to have one black woman for every four men so the silkworms could be tended to.
1. Georgia became a victim of its own benefactors because all of the people who created it (the benefactors) also created this well laid out plan. The only problem was that when they tried to follow the plan, say twenty years later, the plan was then twenty years old and not adapted to the issues of that time.
2. Promotional literature such as A New and Accurate Account of the Provinces of South Carolina and Georgia or blue prints by Sir Robert Montgomery said that Georgia had a mild temperature where, “all things will undoubtedly thrive,” there was said to be great orchards of fruit that was unbelievably delicious, and so many wild animals that any man could catch them.
3. Percival and Oglethrope made a huge crucial mistake, according to Boorstin, which was planning to far ahead in the future and then trying to stick to that plan. Instead they needed to adapt as they went along, now follow some plan that knew nothing of the circumstances in the future.
4. The purpose of Georgia was to clear the streets of the poor, note for the impoverished peoples sakes but only so that the gentlemen of London did not need to see them, or pay for them to live. So instead they sent them away to Georgia where they could create their own living. It’s true that they interviewed applicants, but to see if they really needed to go to Georgia, only to see how the loss of that citizen would affect England (people who contributed to the economy stayed along with those who owed money.)
5. The English government contributed to the “philanthropic” endeavors by paying for the person’s voyage to Georgia. This can hardly be called philanthropic though, because it’s simply economic. Instead of paying 10 pounds a year for an impoverished person to survive, they could pay a one time cost of about 20 pounds to send them to Georgia where they either died, or created goods that ended up back in England.
6. The Georgians simply divided the land into little squares within little squares were immigrants were supposed to live, garden, and defend the colony. These units were non salable which was a major problem seeing as the only readily available resource was land. And if noone controlled it but the trustees, the trustees had all of the power. Also some plots may have been in more favorable conditions than others, for example one might be located in a swamp well one in a silt-rich stream bed.
7. The Trustees prohibited slaves for a few reasons: first of all if the people had slaves, the slaves would do the work and that was the whole reason they were there, when there is a few hundred acre limit, slaves seem unnecessary, and thirdly if people are enslaved the Quakers may have done their self sacrificing pilgrimages down to their (that’s probably not one of the reasons, but it would be a bad side effect.)
8. The silk industry of Georgia was all based on the propaganda used in the promotional literature, “all things will undoubtedly thrive.” They must have said that so much that they believed it because the only thing that was even close to silk producing was the black mulberry tree, which needless to say did not work.
9. “A Charity Colony” describes how the trustees gave the immigrants everything they needed to become successful farmers, which was very charitable because before all of that they were beggars on the streets of London. The book already mentioned how all the members of the trustee were in part of charities (if forcing Christianity on slaves was considered “charity”.)
10. Basically the colony was doomed of the trustiness of the trustees to count on everybody not to be corrupt, when there is a power scale like that with certain people holding all the resources (ie food land) there is bound to be corruption (that’s why we have a system of checks and balances.) also nothing could be done about it because the legal system was not adapted to the area it was from England.
11. In 1750 the trustees changed the laws and allowed the sale of lands and increased the maximum acre limit per family from 500 to 2000. because of this wealthy families complained that they could not work all that land alone, so they were finally allowed slaves.
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
Because of the great expectations the investors had for the colony (i.e. the harvesting and production of silk) that caused the institution of a planned economy which didn’t allow farmers to grow the crops they needed or to buy or sell their land.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
The promotional literature portrayed Georgia as a glorious land of plenty where many people could make their fortunes off the bountiful new silk trade
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
They’re “one crucial mistake” was actually two. First: the assumption that Black Mulberry trees could sustain a population of silk worms large enough to make a new silk industry in the New World. Second: the planned economy and micromanagement that made capitalistic ventures nearly impossible.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
The purpose of the colony was to produce silk.
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
The philanthropic endeavors was basically the granting of equal amounts of land to settlers but not allowing them buy or sell land. The government further increased micro-management by instituting not only colonial laws but also local laws, such as the banning of alcohol.
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
-- How was this a mistake?
The land given to settlers was given in equal and planned out plots of land with which all the settlers were expected to be able to produce. However some land was either too rocky or too infertile or too forested to be put to effective use, but the settlers were not allowed to sell or buy land.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
The fear was that productivity would be lost because individual farmers would rely on slaves to do the work rather than do the work themselves.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
A Georgia based, and thus an English controlled, silk industry seemed idyllic primarily because the Black Mulberry tree grew in abundance. The English knew that silk worms thrived by living off the White Mulberry tree. However, what the English did not expect, was that the Black Mulberry tree was inhospitable to silk worms; thus dooming the planned economy of Georgia from the start.
9. Please pay special attention to the chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
The problems that faced Georgia were myriad, but they all stemmed from the same source: the government’s attempt at creating a planned economy and micromanagement. The English thought that they could increase production in and make a huge profit out of an industry that they thoroughly controlled.
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of bureaucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
Primarily the attempt at creating a planned economy based off silk production as well as forbidding settlers to sell or buy land.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
The primary reason for this occurring is the relaxation of land ownership limits. At this time farmers could own up to 2,000 acres whereas before they could only own up to 500. This increase in workable land caused it to be economically enviable to be worked by one individual or family. Therefore, the colonists demanded the right to own slaves.
1. Georgia fell victim to its benefactors for multiple reasons; firstly many of the benefactors laundered money that was meant to help the foundation of the colony, 570,000 pounds, in fact. Secondly, the plans for Georgia, though elegant and wonderful, were impossible to put into action because none of the planners had actually seen Georgia, and the plans fell short in the long run.
2. The promotional literature written about and for Georgia showed it as a quazi-promised land, that which would remove impoverishment from the poor of England, allowing them to make a new life, of freedom and comfortable living and prosperity in Georgia.
3. The supposed “crucial mistake” of Olgethorpe and Percival was that their plans were too specific whilst not being specifically suited to the area—basically that they created intense elaborate plans, but were far removed from the colony, so the planning was to little avail.
4. The main purpose, or at least that most talked of for the Georgia colony, was to give new chances and opportunities to the poor of England, but at the same time, as the colony was designed to make no profit for itself, it was also to turn a profit for the English to reap. Furthermore, the English were not necessarily merely removing the poor from their cities out of the kindness of their hearts, but because they were a financial stress, drawing money from the empire and being an unpleasing sight on London streets.
6. It was distributed in two ways; to the poor who took it as charity, it was given in parcels of 50 acres, which could only be passed on through direct male line descendents. Others were also given parcels of land, but they could not hold more than 500 acres, and similarly, the land could only pass by strict methods, and to stop speculation, it was non salable. This caused many issues, as the land was difficult to pass on through the generations, and if a family had no male heirs they were basically unceremoniously kicked off the land.
7. In short, the trustees in England didn’t want absentee ownership, or the possibility that negroes might somehow gain control or ownership of the land, therefore to make the white men, usually the poor of England, work harder, slaves were kept out of the colony.
8. The silk industry in Georgia was an ingenious ploy to further employment and economic power of both the Colony and of England. In short- England was at the time spending half a million pounds on foreign silk. If silk was to be produced in their colony of Georgia, it would cut down that figure greatly, and the remaining money that was being spent on silk production would be going to the colonists and to English citizens which was a much more agreeable ploy than spending all of the moneys for silk in other countries. However, the oversight in this plan was that the mulberry trees which grew abundantly in Georgia were the wrong sort- furthermore, the prohibition of negroes in the colony had to be revised, though it also forced it to be that when slaves were brought in, 1 in 5 had to be a woman knowledgeable in Silk-making.
9. Special attention will be paid.
10. The attempts of the London benefactors and philanthropists to create a silk empire when the land was not tenable for such, whilst also outlawing the only trades that made sense (such as for rum,) along with the prohibition of slavery in the colony were all ways in which the bureaucratic governing, the idealistic morality of the colony, and poor judgement in the trustees of the colonies doomed the colonists.
11. Partially, slavery was allowed because of the uproars of the colonists who claimed that slaves were necessary to meet the demands of their philanthropic benefactors back in London. Furthermore, the land ownership limits were increased, so that one might own 2000 acres of land, meaning that more hands were needed to work the land, especially if they were attempting to meet the ridiculous and wasteful requirements imposed upon the colonists in the dream of a silk empire.
1. Georgia was a victim of its own benefactors in how the colony was planned. The English, who chartered the colony, were the ones who led to its ruin by planning every detail of how the colony would be established, and be perfect. However, things being easier said than done, Georgia did not live up to its anticipated perfection.
2. The "promotional literature" for Georgia depicted it as a perfect land which was climatically preferable to others, as a paradise. It was represented as possessing a temperate climate where everything would grow, where the forests were easy to fell, where the fruit was so lush and delicious that it exponentially overshadowed any in England, and where game was plentiful and easy to catch.
3. The mistake of Percival and Oglethrope was to immaculatly plan out every detail of the Georgian colony without ever being there, basing their information on exaggerated, poetic accounts of Georgia. This gave them false assumptions about Georgia, which became a problem when they built an overly monolithic plan about the colony that could not shift to adapt to the actual conditions of the area.
4. The purpose of Georgia was to transfer the povertous people of England to Georgia to work and make England rich.
5. The British participated in the establishment of Georgia by being the ones to set the entire colony up. They planned out every aspect of Georgia, including layouts of the colony, sending over the settlers, and setting up land distribution, so that Georgia would be in prime position to make money for England.
6. The land distribution was in 50-acre units, and one person could own up to 500 acres, and was made to plant at least 50 mulberry trees on his land. There was also mandatory slavery, with one black slave woman for every four slave men dedicated to the growing and harvesting of mulberry silk. This was an issue because first of all, you were not allowed to sell your land, and were pretty much tied down to it. The 500-acre limit was also an issue for those who wanted more land for plantations, and the mandatory mulberry cultivation disallowed other trades from emerging.
7. Black slaves were prohibited because the British feared importing large amounts of blacks into their cash cow, making a high black to white ratio that could cause problems should the slaves revolt. There was also no point in slaves if the land was limited to 500 acres per person.
8. It was planned that Georgia would be able to produce a lot of silk for England, and much of the planning involved in Georgia revolved around its potential silk industry. However, that plan failed as the only mulberry tree that could grow in Georgia did not produce silk because its leaves were too rough for silkworms. Thus, the Georgian silk industry was a failure.
10. The trustees governing Georgia were assumed to be consistently equal, fair and unbiased, which was proven to be untrue, as in any walk of life, people in power will always be tempted to bias, bribery, and to cut corners for maximum gain with minimum loss. This occured in Georgia, where the trustees in charge of food, supplies and land distribution were often accused of foul play and bias in their duties, and court matters and inexperienced judges were often swayed by bribery.
11. The 500 acre limit on land ownership was incresed to 2000 in 1750, causing the colonists to complain that they needed slave labor to manage so much land. Thus, the trustees permitted slavery.
Georgia
1. The English trustees with the noble intent of sending the poor to Georgia as an act of philanthropy, actually caused more suffering of these people. Georgia struggled throughout its colonization due to its strict planning and the rigidity of the laws which restricted the owning of land and inheritance. Georgia became a victim of its own benefactors because the long firm planning of the English was what ultimately led to its limited prosperity.
2. The promotional literature of Georgia depicted the land as a thriving, beautiful, extravagant paradise. This was to entice many to come to Georgia which was unknown to everyone in England.
3. Percival’s and Oglethorpe’s crucial mistake was planning too far in advance and to far in depth for the colony of Georgia. These plans were also made very far from Georgia and not necessarily very applicable for Georgia and its lifestyle. Perhaps the ideas looked good on paper but when put into action were not useful.
4. The purpose of Georgia was “charity and humanity” and “the preserving of the people”. However, philanthropy was not the only idea on English minds. England also wished to, in a sense, cleanup the streets and bring England out of poverty. Also, they saw many benefits to colonizing the New World such as increased trade, raw materials, and more consumers of manufactured goods.
5. The British government aided in the colonizing of Georgia by giving money and also planning out the land distribution of Georgia. The goal in this endeavor was to create Georgia to be a colony that was very productive and profitable.
6. Land distribution began with families entering the colony with a grant of 50 acres that was non-salable. A maximum of 500 acres could be acquired by one family. These laws later became an issue as people wished to gain more land or devise it. Once again perhaps the overall overdone planning of Georgia was the cause of this. Other certain laws bound people to ownership and more issues arose of ownership, use, sale, and inheritance. This was the mistake of the system.
7. Slaves were prohibited because it was supposed that the colony would not have worked as hard and only use their time keeping the slaves in line. Maybe the founders of the colony believed that since these people had been poor they needed to work for themselves with no help as punishment. Also, they feared that if too many slaves were in Georgia they could potentially become dangerous and rebel and take over.
8. In 1718 Lombe stole Italian secrets of the making of silk in order for Georgia to capture the European market and make silk in the colony. This would provide 20,000 jobs for the four month season and save England lots of money because they had previously been importing 500,000 pounds worth of silk annually. With the rise of silk-making in Georgia slavery became legal and the mass amounts of slaves were often used for this industry.
9. The reoccurring subject of Georgia being a charity colony is only half true because so many of the intents of the colony were beneficial to the English. They would have valued products from the colony; they cleared their streets and kicked the unemployed who bothered the upper classes. To say this was simply a charity colony is false especially when the conditions and lack of resources to the colonists are considered.
10. The colony was doomed by pettiness, arbitraries, and corruption because the colonists were not given enough rations by their founders. Crops they grew would maybe be enough to support their family and would not help England’s economy. Maybe due to the fact that these were poor people concerns such as the amount of food to send were disregarded. The structure and planning of Georgia was inflexible and were just assumed that it would work perfectly.
11. In 1750 slavery was allowed due to the desperate need for production in the colony. Without the work force of slaves it seemed that Georgia was spiraling down and needed a pick-up in order to save its industry.
Taylor Oster 2009
1. Georgia became a “victim of its own benefactors” because the same people who wished to be altruistic and set up Georgia also set up the colony in order to raise cash crops and provide a source of income for England. These trustees also did not have a clear grasp of the situation in Georgia, and wrote plans that were too specific and became inflexible upon encountering changes to their plan.
2. Promotional literature about Georgia described it as a bountiful paradise with all types of fruit that made the fruit in England taste awful by comparison, a beautiful climate, and easily available game and fish.
3. Boorstin says that Percival and Oglethorpe were too specific in their ideas about starting a colony in Georgia, and made plans concerning the colony without actually seeing the location or comprehending the situation. These plans were then regarded as flawless and untouchable, even when they failed to work.
4. The purpose of Georgia was to be a charitable means for poor families in London to come make a living in what was called a bounteous, fertile land. This benefited London, as well, because jails were becoming crowded. Georgia was also settled in order to supply cash crops and revenue to England. Another reason was so that it could support England’s other colonies in America and provide a source of stability for further westward expansion and colonization.
5. Because it was seen as a primarily philanthropic expedition, the British Parliament supplied Georgia’s founders with funds eventually amounting to 130,000 pounds. Parliament had a vested interest in the expedition, because they wished to see England’s poorer families moved out of the streets of London.
6. The colony of Georgia distributed land in parcels of 50 acres per family, and this land was not allowed to be divided or sold. A strong, capable man had to be on each parcel, so that in the case of an invasion, the land could be protected. A maximum of 500 acres was permitted, and the trustees did not want any parcels too big, otherwise they feared that the colonists might have other people help them in their work and not work themselves. A problem with this situation was that land could not be sold or traded, unless a male heir inherited it. If there was no male heir available, then the land went back to the Trustees. In this way, it was difficult for colonists to expand their land holdings, and this could lead to a lack of ambition to work harder for greater profit.
7. Slaves were prohibited because the Trustees wanted colonists to do their own labor, and the Trustees feared that if slaves were available, the slaves would do the work, and not the colonists. The Trustees were also rather racist, in that they feared for the security and protection of the colonists and their wives and children with the presence of slaves.
8. The Trustees entertained illusions that a silk industry could thrive in Georgia, because they had seen black mulberry trees growing in abundance. However, silk requires white mulberry trees, so the flourishing silk industry that they imagined never came into reality. However, attempts were still made to fulfill this, and colonists were required to plant at least 50 white mulberry trees per 50 acres. Later, in order to become part of the representative assembly, grantees were required to plant 100 white mulberry trees per 50 acres.
9. This chapter shows that the colony of Georgia was very different in its overall ideals from other colonies. Instead of the American dream that persisted throughout other colonies, the idea of people being able to rise in economic and social power through hard work, Georgia could be called socialistic. Each grantee was given fairly the same amount of land that they were stuck with, and the same amount of food and tools were provided to everybody. This idealistic picture left no room for people to gain profit, and no incentive for people to work harder. The original Trustees soon realized that this charity colony was not economically feasible for an extended period of time.
10. The colony was negatively affected by the process of giving out the rations that were granted to each colonist. These rations were kept in storehouses, and were given out by storekeepers. These storekeepers had a lot of power over others due to their positions, and were prone to using the rations for their own purposes, withholding rations, and accepting bribes.
11. The need for slavery became apparent when grantees’ requests for larger tracts of land were fulfilled. These larger amounts of land required slave labor in order to be economically possible, and many colonists complained over the lack of slavery, and said that the lack of slaves caused stagnation and discord in the colony. The Trustees finally gave in to demands for slavery in 1750, saying that the situation had changed.
1. How did georgia Become a victim of its own Benefactors?
This colony became victim to its own benefactors because the way it was set up. For example, the colonist that were told to go to this land were poor and were given money to start a new life but tehy kept asking for more and more money. This caused the people that set up this colony to back out basically, which then led to failure.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
The way the Engliash depicted this place made it sound like this place where you could grow anything with ease. They made Georgia sound like Utopia.
3. According to Boorstin, what was the Percival"s and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
According to Boorstin, the one mistake was the fact that these two people planed this colony with out ever seeing what it was like or ever being there. Then they though this plan would never cause any mistakes, but it ended up failing.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
The purpose of this colony was move all the poor people out of England, while turing the colony into a place where tons of money was made. Then the money would be sent back to England.
5. What role did the British goverment play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
The British goverment play quite a big role in Georgia. They set up the laws for the colony, which included the banning of alcohol. They also did this so they could lower the poverty levels in Britan by sending the poor people to Georgia.
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
--How was it a mistake?
Each Family got 50 acres of land that could not be sold. The most that one person could own though was 500 acres. This was a mistake because if the families son in heritatedthe land he could not sell it, if he did not want it. If a female was the only child in the family she can not inherit the land.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves)were prohibited?
Slaves were prohibited because people thought that if there was a big population of the in Georgia, they would form an alliance with the indians and attack.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia? Georgia was created to be some what of a colony that would produce alot of money. In order to do this anyone that owned land was required plant black mulberry tree to make silk.
9. Please pay close attention to chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
I payed close attention to this chapter. I don't really see what you are asking here.
10. In what specific say did the "universalills of burauxracy: pettiness, arbitrariness {and} corruption" doom the colony?
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
Colonist that owned more than 500 acres were complaining that it was to much land to work with out slaves. They said that this colony will fail with out slaves and with slaves it will become a success. So in 1750 slavery was allowed in Georgia.
1. Georgia became a factor of it's own beneactors because fguratively speaking, they couldnt put their money where their mouth was, or they were all talk and no show. Basically they had this great plan but they planned too far ahead and it all fell apart.
2. The promotional literature depicted Georgia almost like a heaven, another word that came to mind would be an oasis. They advertised a perfect climate for growing things, which at the time was a large key to making money
3. Their plans crucial mistake/mistakes was making plans off of what they had heard about Georgia. It would be like me making big plans for a colony in Africa with just hyped up rumors about what it was like there.
4. The purpose of Georgia was to make money and boost the economy of England.
6. The land was split up into 50 acre parsells and must be inhabited by a man capable of working the land. One mistake in this system is some family's were given bad infertile land, and due to strict rulesof the trustees they could not add on or sell ths land, therefore they left the land. (90)
7. Slaves were prohibited because the trustees were worried that they would get too much power and take over the land, or that they would join forces with the natives, or that they would fight against the colonists.
8. The silk making industry seemed like it was more of a dream. Although they did make the land owners plant the mullberry trees necessary for growing silk. It ended up bringing little proffit and being shut down.
9. Attention Paid :)
10. The colony was doomed because the rules and regulations were wat too tight and strict. It led to much unhappiness and doscontent colonists.
11. Slaves were eventually allowed in 1750 because the total acreage allowed chaneged from 500 to 2000 acres thus creating much more land to farm. This became overwhelming to the farmers and slaves became legal to do much of this farming.
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
We’ve previously answered questions concerning how the Puritans avoided the “temptations of utopia.” Georgia did not. The colony of Georgia was over planned in a failed attempt to create a paradise. Boorstin says that this went against the attitude of America at the time, which was very spontaneous and adventurous.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
Promotional literature tied in with the utopian ideas discussed in the previous question—it depicted Georgia as a paradise with perfect soil and climate.
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
Boorstin says that Percival and Oglethrope’s mistake was over planning Georgia. He points out that they planned too far ahead, and made incorrect guesses as to what was going to happen. These incorrect guesses were unavoidable—the plans were made without even going to Georgia.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
The purpose of Georgia was to assist the poor of England. This was described as “charity and humanity.” Although this seems like a kind gesture on the surface, the real reason was to remove the poor from England so they would be less of a burden. Georgia would then use them as labor to gain more profit for England.
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
England aided Georgia more than the other colonies because of their status as a philanthropic state. This meant loans in large amounts that contrasted with England’s “hands off” policy with the other colonies (except for in times of war).
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
-- How was this a mistake?
Land was distributed in strictly controlled packages. Each immigrating poor but able-bodied man would receive 50 acres of land. The maximum land that one man could own was 500 acres. This was seen as a mistake because it runs contrary to the idea of capitalism—that one man should be able to excel above the others through luck and success. The distribution of land is reminiscent of a socialist economic policy where no one person can flourish.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
There was fear that slaves would side with Indians in the event of a raid in order to escape. However, the primary reason was that there was no point in having slaves when there was a 500 acre cap on land ownership.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
Originally, the planners of Georgia were informed that there were trees in the area suitable for housing silkworms. The Trustees ordered all land owners to have a certain number of these trees, despite the fact that the Trustees were misinformed and Georgia had the wrong type of tree. Eventually, they finally accepted that the silk-making attempt in Georgia was a complete failure.
9. Please pay special attention to the chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
And a very enlightening chapter it was.
10. In what specific way did the "universal ills of bureaucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
Georgia suffered from corruption no different in our current-day bureaucracies. Power held over other people (like the power to ration out food) was and is used to get bribes and to exert control over helpless people.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
In 1750, the land cap of 500 acres was raised to 2,000. People were suddenly able to acquire more land, and needed more people to work such large areas.
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
England was the one who was governing and chartered Georgia and set all these high standards, and yet failed to reach and allow others to attain those standards and as a result lead to Georgia's failure.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
Georgia was always referred to as a place everyone wanted to go and was a lush a bountiful place where you could make a fortune farming the land.
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
There was a huge amount of vague assumptions and planning on only those ideas and they planned some many things in advance from such a small information base.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
Georgia was almost 100% "made" for profit. It was fertile land and the British intended to exploit it in anyway possible. Not only that, but also the British sent their poor people to work there for "Charitable" profits.
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
England set up Georgia. They made plans on how to divide up land and told which laws had to be in there. While they played a large role, they were very negative on Georgia, as their main focus was how much money was being earned.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
The whites feared if the slaves had an uprising and escaped, they would join up with the native american tribes to resist the colonists. They also thought that whites would become even more lazy.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
While silk seemed like it was booming in Georgia from all the talk in England, there was really no way of growing it successfully in the Americas. The small silk industry that actually was turning up small amounts of silk was actually very corrupt and it wasn't a very easy process.
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of buraucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
While the trustees were deemed unbiased and truthful, they were indeed corrupt and frivolous with their money. The government simply trusted them too much.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
With more land, the colonists needed people to work it and slaves were plentiful elsewhere.
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
England was the one who was governing and chartered Georgia and set all these high standards, and yet failed to reach and allow others to attain those standards and as a result lead to Georgia's failure.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
Georgia was always referred to as a place everyone wanted to go and was a lush a bountiful place where you could make a fortune farming the land.
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
There was a huge amount of vague assumptions and planning on only those ideas and they planned some many things in advance from such a small information base.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
Georgia was almost 100% "made" for profit. It was fertile land and the British intended to exploit it in anyway possible. Not only that, but also the British sent their poor people to work there for "Charitable" profits.
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
England set up Georgia. They made plans on how to divide up land and told which laws had to be in there. While they played a large role, they were very negative on Georgia, as their main focus was how much money was being earned.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
The whites feared if the slaves had an uprising and escaped, they would join up with the native american tribes to resist the colonists. They also thought that whites would become even more lazy.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
While silk seemed like it was booming in Georgia from all the talk in England, there was really no way of growing it successfully in the Americas. The small silk industry that actually was turning up small amounts of silk was actually very corrupt and it wasn't a very easy process.
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of buraucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
While the trustees were deemed unbiased and truthful, they were indeed corrupt and frivolous with their money. The government simply trusted them too much.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
With more land, the colonists needed people to work it and slaves were plentiful elsewhere.
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
~The way Georgia was planned by its charity, the English it was meant to be perfect. But it did not live up to its expectations.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
~Georgia was depicted as a paradise. It was a place were the climate was reasonable, game was plentiful, forests easy to clear, everything would grow there and everything was lush and pleasant.
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
~Their mistake was planning out a perfect colony on Georgia on information that was false to begin with so when they planned this perfect colony it could not end as they perceived.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
~The purpose was to transfer people who were in poverty into the new world to work and make England richer.
5. What role did the British government play in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor?
~The were the ones who planned every aspect of the colony, down to the foundations, and then sent over the settlers and insuring that it would be profitable for England.
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
-- How was this a mistake?
~Land was distributed in 50-acre segments and one person could own up to 500 acres of land. They were to plant mulberry trees for harvest on their land, but this was a problem for anyone who wanted more land for things like plantations. Also you were tied down to your land and could not sell it.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
~The British did not want to create large black to white ratios for fear of slave revolts turning bad.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
~Georgia was predicted to produce a lot of silk for England and so the trade from the colony revolved around silk. But the mulberry trees in Georgia produced leaves that were too rough for silk worms and so the silk industry collapsed.
9. Please pay special attention to the chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
~This chapter was about how Georgia originally started as a charity colony formed to reduce poverty levels.
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of bureaucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
~The British government put too much trust in the settlers, believing they would divide everything fairly and thought there would be no corruption.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
~An economic boom caused the need for more labor and so blacks were introduced into the populations to help out since now the 500 acre limit was increased to 2000acres.
1. Georgia became a victim of its own benefactors because the trustees that were working for England made plans for Georgia that were extremely strict and let Georgia have no leeway. They made plans without knowing what Georgia was actually like so their plans collapsed on them. They were all talk and no show.
2. The promotional literature to get people to move to Georgia Was directed to the poor, who were an “eye sore”. It made Georgia sound like a paradise, almost like heaven. The men who sponsored it also promised to take no profit from its undertaking.
3. Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake" was that they made specific plans for Georgia too far in advance and without knowing what Georgia was actually like.
4. The “purpose” of the Georgia colony was for the poor families in London and the cities to plant crops, like hemp and flax and then send it back to England to be manufactured which in turn boosts England’s economy. It also was a stable point for westward expansion.
5. The role that the British government played in Georgia's "philanthropic" endeavor was that of the provider. They provided Georgia with large loans so that Georgia could still look like some Utopia. They also set laws for it as well including the banning of alcohol.
6. Georgia distributed land in parcels of 50 acres to each man for families going “on the Charity”. The max of land you could have was 500 acres but that was for the people who bought more land. This probably wasn’t such a good idea because it put a limit on what people own which went against making a living and thriving if you were good at it.
7. The reason one was not allowed black slaves was because the people in London saw them as a hindrance on their plans for Georgia. They also saw them as a people who you could never take your eye off of and when given the chance would escape or during war help the opposing side, in other words the Natives. They also made it so people wouldn’t need slave to work there land because of the land cap.
8. Once again the idiots in England thought wrong. They believed that there was a tree in Georgia suitable to house the silk worm. Not so. They probably made this illusion up because they would then not have to buy from China making it a lot cheaper. They made a law that said everyone had to have however so many of these trees in on their property. Of course the silkworms died because it was not the right climate and it ended up to be a complete failure.
9. Duly noted. The fact that they made Georgia look like a charity was just to get people off the streets and into a new land, which was more beneficial to them because it made them look nice and took care of the population problem. It wasn’t complete charity because England got money off of the manufacturing of the goods coming from Georgia. It was also meant to be idealistic.
10. The doom of the bureaucracy was just that. The governing party payed little attention to ills of the people. The storekeepers who kept the rations for the people of course became corrupt with too much power. They used the rations for their own needs instead of the colonists. Also there were too many laws that held the colonist against the wall. Everything had to be just as it was said to be and no other way, which of course made it hard to live in an area where the people making the laws had never actually been.
11. The Trustees eventually gave into the plead of the colonist for slave labor because they had raised the amount of land any one person could own up to around 2000 acres and the colonists said that they needed slave labor because it was too large to care for themselves.
~Rebecca Harkness
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
Investors tried their best to try and make it a place for glory and coin but it failed.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
That Georgia was pretty, wealthy and fertility, but all of that is just rubbish.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
It was an idea of Britain to try and make it a place to increase the resources of England and to try and make it richer and help it industrialized.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
Black were considered inhuman and dangerous to the normal people of Georgia, they didn’t need the use of people who could work. But in essence they were more trouble than they are worth.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
Silk is a major trading item and is a great way to make money so the idea was to help it make England richer.
10. In what specific say did the "universal ills of buraucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
There was too much trust to the people, the government believing that the people would divide things correctly and that the wealth would be fair and work would be even but that never happened out correctly
1. How did Georgia become a victim of its own benefactors?
~ With the establishment of the Trustees, the benefactors of Georgia were the men who could not maintain a government in it, and the poor immigrants who couldn't live in it. Georgia became a victim of benefactors because the plans by the Trustees were so strict, they did not follow the land of Georgia, and the people who moved in lived on barren land where they cut everything down, and realized they could grow nothing. From the beginning, Georgia's society was fraught with wrong because of the ignorant Trustees who knew next to nothing of the climate and geography, and did not bother to learn as well. The Trustees plans were far to ambitious, and far to fancifully destructive for the land, and the society, of Georgia.
2. How did the "promotional" literature depict Georgia?
~ Oglethorpe, in his promotional brochures of Georgia, revealed mainly that a family riddled with poverty in England, would be drowning in wealth in Georgia. He claimed the land was easy and fruitful, and it was easier to make money off of it. Although Oglethorpe had not stepped foot upon Georgia, his promotions were influential because they promised wealth to the poor.
3. According to Boorstin, what was Percival's and Oglethrope's "one crucial mistake"?
~ According to Boorstin, Percival's and Oglethorpe's plans were far to extensive, beyond their time, fanciful and lacking in adaptation to the land they were meant to be placed on. Because their plans were far to ambitious, their most crucial mistake was not realizing those plans would not work.
4. What was the "purpose" of the colony of Georgia?
~ Quite basically, the basis of Georgian society was the evacuation of London's poor. The Trustees promised a freedom from poverty in the prosperous land of Georgia. So, it's purpose was to give the impoverished a second chance, and clean them off the London streets.
6. How did the colony of Georgia distribute land to its inhabitants?
-- How was this a mistake?
~ The people of Georgia were given dictated plots of ground in square forms. It was not discovered to be fruitful or barren till it was farmed, and there was no possibility of exchange, sale or inheritance by a woman or son who does not want to farm. Hence, the land went to the Trustees if any of the afore mentioned cases turned up.
This was a mistake because people were given untrustworthy land, and were not able to get better land. Also, people felt no need to improve the land if they had no heir, giving the Trustees unworkable, and unchanged land.
7. What was the reason blacks (slaves) were prohibited?
~ The Trustees believed that slaves were to violent, and created a threat to the citizens. They were likely traitors when enemies threatened the colony, and if the man of the household died, it was believed the women and children fell 'victim' to the slave. Hence, slaves were prohibited for fear of rebellion.
8. Describe the silk-making industry in Georgia?
~ The silk making industry did not have a good start in Georgia. There were few learned in the art, and the mulberry trees were black mulberries, not white, which meant the leaves were far to harsh for a silkworm. It was designed for women and people of weaker stature to plant at least 50 trees in 50 acres of land, and harvest it. At a point in time, for a man to get into office, had had to have a women of silk-knowledge in the house and a certain number of mulberry trees on his plot of land. The silk made in Georgia was made clumsily, by unskilled hands, and the overall business was rocky from the start.
9. Please pay special attention to the chapter entitled, "A Charity Colony."
~ This section specified just how much Georgia was a colony of charity towards the poor. It explained how Georgian 'government' would not even allow people of higher classes inside the colony, because it was designed for the poor. The impoverished were given land and seed and food and clothes, all from the charity and goodness of the Trustees, who were funded by the English government to kick the poor out of London, and into a colony.
10. In what specific way did the "universal ills of bureaucracy: pettiness, arbitrariness [and] corruption" doom the colony?
~ Citizens were often weak in strength and in will. People would not work do to logic that their land was nearly useless and would me given back to the Trustees if it did not maintain an heir. Even then, they were not allowed any freedom to control their land. People who required to help, did not - and so the colony was doomed, once again from the start.
11. What reasons were given in 1750 to allow slavery in Georgia?
As more land was allowed to people, people had to farm more land than they could handle. This was the main reason for the demand of slaves, because men could not handle all of the land. They required more, cheaper labor as well.
1. Georgia's benefactors lured people to Georgia with stories of its nonexistent wealth. There was no such wealth in Georgia, and the people who came were very poor. They depended on the charity and the means to a living that were not available to them. Thus they became the victims of their own benefactors.
2.Georgia was depicted as a paradise with a perfect climate, perfect soil for farming, and an abundance of delicious fruit growing wild as well as all types of game.
3. The mistake that Percival and Oglethrope made was in planning. They made very specific plans very far away from Georgia so that when they came to colonize it they encountered many problems in their plans, which were much too specific to adjust to any changes.
4. Georgia, being portrayed as extremely fertile, was to serve the purpose of creating resourses for England.
5. Britain sent poor people to Georgia, because there they could support themselves much better than they could on the wages they made in Britain, or even on charity given to them in Britain.
6. The land in Georgia was divided into sqares of 50 sqare acres and one of each of these was given to each family. The mistake in this was that the land was not allowed to be sold, and could only be inherited by a male heir. If there was no heir, the land went back to the Trustees, and since it was insalable, there was no way to gain more land.
7. Slaves were prohibited in Georgia because the government believed that with slaves, white men would not work at all. They also believed blacks to be bad people who were not to be trusted with the wives and children of white men when they did or went away and who could become the ally of anyone who attacked Georgia.
8. The silk industry in Georgia was supposed to be the perfect, profitable industry for the "great climate" that existed in Georgia. There were mulberry trees in Georgia, so it was believed that silk worms would flourish and silk could be easily made with the quality of Chinese or Persian silk. However, the mulberry trees in Georgia were the wrong species for silkworms, and although settlers were required to plant 50 of them on every 50 acres of land, the silk industry did not succeed.
9. I paid attention to it.
10. The "universal ills" doomed Georgia because the arbitrariness, pettiness, and corruption in the buraucracy caused the buraucrats to, for example, deprive the colonists of rations that they needed to survive. This, along with many other cases of an inadequate buraucracy, caused the colonists to distrust and hate the buraucrats, bringing the colony to ruin.
11. Before 1750, the land given to colonists had been in small enough amounts to support the argument that there was no need for slaves. However, by 1750 the amount of land colonists were allowed to own had been increased. All practical arguments against slavery were now gone. Arguments for slavery were very strong, so slavery was made legal.
-Mira Schlosberg
1. The benefactors of Georgia refused to learn from their mistakes they achieved in Georgia. Many did not learn of the geography and weather patterns of Georgia and thus lost counts of land that was useless in the fact that the soil would not produce crops. Ignorance of this fact would achieve their downfall, as well as the imbeciles that failed to account for the worst possible situation.
2. Much like the promotion of Greenland, Georgia was promoted as an agricultural plume of power and that the property would provide an abundance of wealth.
3. Percival's and Oglethorpe's plans were far too ambitious at the time. They were fantastic and ignorant in the fact that the plans did not take into account the lay of the land, whether it would produce many crops or supply the plans as they were planned out to be.
4. Georgian colony was a plan to sweep the poor off of the streets and stow them away and mythical place promising freedom from poverty and flourish in wealth and agriculture.
6. Georgia handed out land under square formats and details on the land were not given until experienced. This was a major mistake as most of the land proved unfruitful and since no one could inherit the land that was unwilling to try and farm it, the land would fall back into the hands of the trustees.
Unchanged, and useless land.
7. Black slaves were feared amongst Georgians. They thought the slaves to violent and considered that if the leader of the household, the man, husband, father, passed away, the children and wife of the late husband fell underneath the slave's status and thus were victimized.
8. The silk-making industry in Georgia was an industry of mistakes and slow learning with little fruit to prove of their trouble. Black mulberries were used, and they proved too harsh on silkworms and thus, production was extremely slow and messy business. Only women and people of lower class were to plant and harvest the mulberries, do thus, much of the production was messy and clumsily woven by inexperienced hands.
9. This selection in the book explained the reason behind the Georgian colony. It was designed and made solely for the poor of London's streets, those pertaining of a higher status of living were not allowed into the colony as that would defeat the purpose of the colony as a whole. The colony itself acted as one big poor house that supplied land, clothes, food, anything to help the poor rise in current status.
10. Once the knowledge of useless land spread, little ambitions were given to those that inherited it. They made little effort since they knew of the land's worth as well as the fact that the land would go back to the trustees if it pertained no willing heir.
11. Slavery became a demand as plots of land were given to varying individuals. Since these men could not farm all of their land alone, they took to it to get slaves allowed in Georgia, not just for the help in harvest and overall farming, but the fact that the labor was ideal for many land owners.
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